Process of making knife-blades



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

` T. SHAW.

PROCESS OP-MAKING KNIFE BLADES.

No. 489,719. Patented Jan. 10, 1893.,

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2..

T. SHAW.

PROCESS 0E MAKING KNIEE BLADES. No. 489,719. Patented Jan. l0, 1893.4

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Patented Jan. 10, 1893'.

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lSheets-Sheet 4.

. T. SHAW. PROCESS 0E MAKING KN'IEE BLADES.

Patented Jan. 10, 1893.

Nrrnn `STATES PATENT OFFICE..

THOMAS SHAW, OF NEVARK, NEV JERSEY.

PROCESS OF MAKING KNIFEMBLADES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 489,719, datedjanuary10, 1893.

Original application tiled July 22, 1891, Serial No. 400,363. Dividedand this application iiled May 6, 1892. Serial No. 432,103.

(No model.)

To a/ZZ whom t may concern..-

Be it known that I, THOMAS SHAW, of the city of Newark, in the county ofEssex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in the Process of Making Knifedlades; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same.

This my invention is an improvement in the process of making knifeblades and consists in the novel features hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated the various steps of myimproved process and the machinery for carrying one step of the sameinto effect, and my said invention is fully disclosed in the followingdescription and claims.

Referring to said drawings, Figure 1 is a view of a blank from which theblades are made. Fig. 2 is a view of the blank with the bolsterspartially formed. Fig. 3, views of the blank with the bolsters and bladeportions partially formed. Figa, views of the blank with the bladeportions beveled and the blank cut nearlyin two. Fig. 5,aview of theblank for one blade, with the tang drawn ready to be rolled. Fig. 6,views of the blade after it has been rolled. Fig. 7, view of the bladeafter it has been trimmed. Fig. 8 is a front view of the machine inwhich the blades are rolled. Fig. 9 is a section through the rolls ofthe machine. Fig. l0 is a section of the feed guide. Fig. l1 is asection through the shaft S, showing the face of the cam on thefiy-wheel. Fig. 12 is a section through the shaft S, showing the hub E.Fig. 12:L is an enlarged View of the bolt H and hubs E and G. Fig. 13is'an end view of the machine, showing the gear wheels which connect therolls together. Fig. 14 is a sectional view, showing the gear wheels C,P. Fig. 15 is a longitudinal section of the rolls X, Y. Fig. 16 is aview of theface of one of the rolls straightened out.

I will now proceed to describe the manner in which I carry out theprocess which constitutes this, my invention. I take a blank of steel orother suitable metal, preferably of such size as will make two blanks,or blanks for two knife blades, shown in Fig. l, and subject it when redhot to a stamp, which brings it into the form shown in Fig. 2, whereinthe holsters for the knife blades are partially formed. It is thenheated and subjected to a drop forge, which brings it into the formshown in Fig. 3,11aving the bolsters partially formed and the bladeportions widened. The blank is then again heated and stamped, andbrought into the form shown in Fig. 4, in which the blade portions arebeveled and the blank is cut nearly in two at the center, so that it maybe readily broken apart into two blanks, 0r blanks fortwo blades. Theend of the blankis now heated and the tang is drawn out, as shown inFig. 5. This is preferably done under a steam hammer. The blank is nowready for the rolling process, as I usually carry on the process,although it is manifest that the blank might have been brought to theshape shown in Fig. 5 by other process, or process with other steps thanthose described and shown in the preceding gures. The blank shown inFig. 5 is now heated in a furnace, so as to bring it to a red heat, andit is then placed in the rolling mill, shown more particularly in Fig.8, between the rollsX and Y, with the tang and bolster end forward. Therolls are so cut that they are provided with dies, or are die rolls,having sufficient space in them to receive the tang and bolster. Thetang and bolster fit into the dies made in the rolls, while the spacebetween the rolls where the blade portion of the blank comes is muchcloser than the thickness of the blank and the dies are the counterpartof the iinished blade. The die rolls are made to revolve, and the bladeportion of the blank is rolled out to the exact form and shape of thedie rolls, giving as the result of this step a nished blade, shown inFig. 6. In order to carry on this rolling process, it is necessary tohave a rolling mill capable of starting from a stateof rest, so that theroller dies may be at a state of rest when the blank is introducedbetween them, and the roller dies may be ymade to revolve rapidly so asto pass the blank through them while it is still hot without danger ofits cooling off in passing between them.

I will now proceed to describe the machine IOO by which I carry out thisstep of my process. The main frame A, of the machine is provided withboxes for the shaft S, in which it runs. The shaft S is also supportedbythe pillar B, so that it runs in tive boxes. Rigidly attached to theshaft S are the cog-wheels C and D, being equal in size and'number ofteeth with one another. Rigidly attached to the shaft is the hub E,while the Iiy-wheel F, runs free on the shaft, that is, it is journaledon the shaft. This fly-wheel F has considerable weight, so as to give itgreat momentum, and the power is applied by a belt going around it so asto drive it in the direction desired. On the side or end of the hub G ofthe wheel F is arranged the cam or projection H shown more clearlyinFig. ll. The face of this cam or projection recedes from the pointmarked H in Fig. ll all the way around the face of the hub, so as tomake a single notch or projection at the point H. In the hub E, which isattached to the shaft S, is the bolt I shown in Figs. 8 and 12a. Thisbolt I works in a dovetail channel or groove provided for it, and isprojected toward the hub G of the wheel F by a spring pressing it outfrom the hub E. It is manifest that when the bolt I is projected outbeyond the face ot' the hub E and the wheel F is revolving in thedirection shown by the arrow, the cam H or projection on the end of thehub G will engage with the bolt I and cause the shaft S to revolve withthe wheel F. The bolt I works in the groove in the hub E and projectsbeyond the circumference of the hub E, and has cut in that part whichprojects beyond the circumferential face of the hub E, a groove orwedge-shaped passage L.

The brake M is attached to the frame of the machine and is impelled by aspring into contact with the circumferential face of the hub E. Thisbrake M has on ita wedge faced lug, in such a position that it will comein contact with or be forced into the tapered slot L and the wedge-likeaction of the two faces will draw the bolt back and away from contactwith the cam H on the hub of the wheel F, and at the same time check therevolution of the hub E, and consequently of the shaft S. A treadlearrangement is shown in the drawings, Fig. 8, by which this brake orstop M may be withdrawn from contact with the bolt I. Many modificationsof the arrangement for so withdrawing the brake will be suggested. It isunnecessary that any form should be suggested. The normal position ofthe brake M is in contact with the bolt I, holding it out of contactwith the revolving wheel F, and holding the rolls and necessary gearwheels in a state of rest. To operate the rolls, the brake M iswithdrawn when the bolt I is thrown into contact with the cam H, and therolls X, Y, are thereby made to revolve. To prevent back lash, I haveprovided a spring catch N in the hub E. This catch is projected by aspring from the end of the hub, and comes in contact with the mainframeA of the machine, where a ratchet O is provided for it to workagainst, so that the hub E cannot spring back away from the brake M whenit is stopped by coming in contact with the brake. As the point ofstoppage of the hub E is always the same it is manifest that only oneratchet or catch is necessary for the catch N to take against. By thearrangement of the wheel F provided with a cam H on its hub, and thebolt I, brake M and catch N on the hub E rigidly attached to the shaftS, the shaft S may be givenone rapid and complete revolutionand broughtagain to a state of rest always in the same position.

I will now proceed to describe the gearing by which the rolls X andY aredriven by the shaft S. The wheel C on the shaft S meshes with the wheelP, which is of the same size and numberof teeth and which is on theshaft Q. This shaft Q has on it the die rollX. The wheel D is also onthe shaft S and meshes with the idler R, which in turn meshes with thewheel T, the wheels T and D being of the same size and having the samenumber of teeth. The wheel T is on the shaft V, which carries the otherof the die rolls Y. By this arrangement of gear, the two die rolls X, Yare made to revolve together once for each revolution of the shaftS. Thedie rolls X, Y, are held in the frames W, W', and may be removed andadjusted as desired, but this forms no part of this my invention. On theside of the frame WV', as shown in Fig. 9, is arranged the guide Z, adjustably attached to the frame. It is made with a slide or chute toaccommodate the blade of the blank to be rolled, and is so placed thatthe blank fed from it will be tangentto the two die rolls X, Y, at theirpoint of contact. This enables me to get much better results, as thelblade is not bent in passing through the die rolls. The two sides onthe guide keep the blade true and straight in its course to the rolls.The die rolls draw the blade out to its proper length, bevel it, andtaper it, all in one operation. The blade thus rolled is then subjectedto planishing dies anda steel hammer, which straightens and trues it andnishes the bolster.

I arrange the trademark stamp for the blades in one of the planishingdies, so that it is impressed in the blade at the planishing, thusgiving a uniform depth of stamp to the trademark. This forms the subjectmatter of another application tiled by me, July 22, 1891, and givenSerial No. 400,364. The knife blade is now ready for grinding, temperingand polishing. The grinding I prefer to accomplish on emery wheels, butdo not wish to confine myself to that means.

Heretofore, and before this my invention, great difficulty has beenexperienced in inaking good knife blades. If the blade was hammered ithad to be welded to the bolster, which is difficult, expensive, requiresskilled labor and leaves a Weak point at the welding. If the blade andbolster are made from one IOO I Irc IIC piece, the blade is drawn to itsform by forging and stamping, producing metal of uneven density, of aform requiring a great deal of trimming, making much scrap andconsequent waste. Forged blades, being of uneven density frequentlycrack in hardening. Some makers of table cutlery to lessen the loss incracked blades, weld iron bolsters on the steel blade. While others whoforge blades out of one piece of steel, are compelled to harden in oilto partiallyovercome the loss in cracked blades. Blades made by theprocess herein described are so even in density that they may behardened in water or oil without the risk of cracking the blade. This myinvention, differs from all previous processes in that the blade portionof the blank, is beveled on both sides before being introduced into therolls, so that as the blade portion is rolled out the metal is crowdedlengthwise of the blade only and is not crowded sidewise as well, as isthe case Where the blank is not first beveled. Where the blank is notbeveled before it is placed in the rolls, the crowding of the metallaterally in giving the proper bevel to the blade tends to make theblade curl, or crack when finished, whereas by my process, the crowdingof the metal is only in a direction longitudinally ofthe blade and thetendency of the blades to crack or curl is obviated.

The mechanism herein shown and described for imparting intermittentmotion to the die rolls, and positively stopping the same at the end ofa single complete rotation forms thesubject matter of anotherapplication for Letters Patent of the United States tiled by me July 22,1891 and given Serial No. 400,363, of which this, my present applicationis a division and said mechanism is therefore not specifically claimedherein.

Having now described my process and the mechanism used in carrying itout, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent,-

l. The herein described process of making knife blades, consisting informing the bolster in the knife blade blank beveling the blade port-ionand heating the same, introducing the hot blank between die rollsprovided with recessed portions for the bolster and for the blade androlling out the blade lengthwise giving it the proper form, taper andbevel by one operation, substantially as described.

2. The herein described process of making knife blades, consisting ofsubjecting the blank to the operation of dies to form the bolster and aportion of metal at either side for the tang and blade respectively,drawing out the tang, beveling the blade portion, then heating the blankand introducing it between die rolls when said rolls are stationary orin a state of rest, then starting the rolls and rolling out thebladelengthwise and giving it the proper form, taper and bevel bypassing once between the rolls, substantially as described.

3. The herein described process of making knife blades, consisting insubjecting a blank to the operation of successive dies to form thebolster of two blades, with portions of metal at either side of eachbolster for the tang and blade respectively beveling the blade portionand indicating the point of separation, then separating the two blanks,then treating each blank by drawing out the tang, heating the beveledblade portion and subjecting it to the action of die rolls, rolling ontthe blade lengthwise and giving it the proper form, taper and bevel byone operation, substantially as described.

4. `The herein described process of making knife blades consisting offorming the bolster in the knife blade blank and beveling the bladeportion, heating the blade portion and subjecting it to the action ofdie rolls, rolling out the blade lengthwise and giving it the properform, taper and bevel by one operation, then subjecting the blade toplanishing dies, then grinding and tempering the same, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I llavehereunto afxed my signature in the presenceof two witnesses.

rrnos. snAw.`

Witnesses:

G. G. FRELINGHUYSEN, JOSEPH J. SULLIVAN.

